Catagramma
EOL Text
Butterflies of this handsome neotropical genus are often found imbibing salt at the drying edges of puddles, and may "befriend" a sweaty person to obtain salt, as well.
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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:195
Specimens with Sequences:192
Specimens with Barcodes:179
Species:23
Species With Barcodes:23
Public Records:90
Public Species:13
Public BINs:12
Top 3 rows: "Catagramma"
Top row, center: Underside of C. pygas.
From Adalbert Seitz (ed.): Macrolepidoptera of the World (1915)
"Catagramma" is an obsolete genus of Neotropical butterflies; the name continues to be used e.g. among butterfly collectors as a form taxon. "Catagramma" species are popularly known as "88s", in reference to a pattern on the hindwing undersides of many that looks like the number 88. They are medium-sized (around 5 cm/2 in wingspan) forest insects.
The genus once contained over 100 species, essentially being a "wastebin taxon" for what was then already recognized of the clade that became the tribe Callicorini in 1952. The members of "Catagramma" are nowadays divided among the related genera Callicore, Catacore, Diaethria, Paulogramma and Perisama; others (like Cyclogramma) are not often considered distinct anymore however. These genera have been found to be close relatives of Antigonis and Haematera, which like them are in the Callicorini.
J.B.A.D de Boisduval lumped this consipicuous group of Callicorini during his epic Lepidoptera reviews of the in the 1830-1850s. He ignored the generic names of previous authors, creating numerous junior subjective synonyms throughout, but was widely followed by subsequent sources. Frederick DuCane Godman and Osbert Salvin for example used the name Catagramma in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, establishing it for posteriority.
The type species of Catagramma is Catagramma hydaspes. Described in 1836 from new material by Boisduval, it belongs to the present genus Callicore. It is probably a junior subjective[verification needed] synonym of C. pygas, first validly described by Godart in 1924 as Nymphalis pygas.
References[edit]
- Attal, S & Crosson du Cormier, A (1996) The genus Perisama (Nymphalidae), Sciences Nat, Venette, 149 p - 65 figs - 12 colour plates [1]
- Dillon, L. S. (1948) The tribe Catagrammini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part I. The genus Catagramma and allies. Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery Scientific Publications, vii + 1-113, 14 plates.
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Callicore is a genus of nymphalid butterfly found in the Neotropical Ecozone. This genus, like some related ones, was formerly lumped together as the paraphyletic Catagramma assemblage.
Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights or numberwings like the related genera Diaethria and Perisama, in reference to the characteristic patterns on the hindwing undersides of many. In Callicore, the pattern consists of bluish dots surrounded by black and looks more like "αB" or "8°", though some members of this genus have a completely different arrangement of dots. The forewing undersides vary little between species, being black with one or two broad orange-yellow bands in the basal part and one thin and one very faint yellowish band near the apex.
C. hydarnis is listed as endangered species in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Contents
Species[edit]
Listed alphabetically within species groups.[1]
The atacama species-group:
- Callicore atacama (Hewitson, 1852) – Yellow-banded Eighty-eight
- Callicore felderi (Hewitson, 1864) – 8-spot Numberwing
- Callicore hesperis (Guérin, 1844) – Hesperis Eighty-eight
The cyllene species-group:
- Callicore pygas (Godart, [1824]) – Pygas Eighty-eight
The cynosura species-group:
- Callicore astarte (Cramer, 1779) – Astarte Eighty-eight
- Callicore cynosura (Doubleday & Hewitson, 1847) – Cynosura Eighty-eight
- Callicore excelsior (Hewitson, 1857) – Excelsior Eighty-eight or Superb Numberwing
- Callicore ines (Hopp, 1922)
- Callicore sorana (Godart, 1832) – Sorana Eighty-eight
The hydarnis species-group
- Callicore hydarnis (Godart, [1824])
The hydaspes species-group:
- Callicore brome (Doyère, [1840]) – Four-spotted Eighty-eight
- Callicore hydaspes (Drury, 1782) – Hydaspes Eighty-eight
- Callicore lyca (Doubleday, [1847]) – Aegina Numberwing
- Callicore maronensis (Oberthür, 1916)
The pitheas species-group:
- Callicore cyclops Staudinger, 1891)
- Callicore pitheas (Latreille, 1811) – Two-eyed Eighty-eight
The texa species-group:
- Callicore texa (Hewitson, 1854) – Texa Eighty-eight
The tolima species-group:
- Callicore eunomia (Hewitson, 1853) – Eunomia Eighty-eight
- Callicore hystaspes (Fabricius, 1781) – Hystaspes Eighty-eight
- Callicore tolima (Hewitson, 1851) – Blue-and-orange Eighty-eight
Gallery[edit]
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Astarte Eighty-eight (C. astarte), upperside of museum specimen
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Aegina Numberwing (Callicore aegina salamis), underside of museum specimen
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Eunomia Eighty-eight (C. eunomia), underside of museum specimen
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Superb Numberwing (Callicore pastazza), underside of museum specimen
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Cynosura Eighty-eight (C. cynosura), underside of museum specimen
References[edit]
- Casagrande, M. M., Mielke, O. H. H., & Brown, K. S., Jr. (1998). Butterflies (Lepidoptera) considered as threatened in Minas Gerais, Brazil (in Portuguese). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 15(1), 241-259.
- Garwood, K. M., Lehman, Carter, W., & Carter, G. (2007). Butterflies of Southern Amazonia. Mission, Texas: Neotropical Butterflies.
- Lamas, G., ed. 2004. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4A Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers/Association of Tropical Lepidoptera.
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